Management of Anterior Fossa Meningiomas

_{Moderators: Dr. Ossama Al-Mefty & Dr. Yuki Shinya & Dr. Li Deling}

This session will explore the surgical options for the management of anterior fossa meningiomas including transcranial and endoscopic endonasal approaches. It is intended for anterior skull base surgeons.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Articulate the transcranial and endoscopic endonasal approaches to anterior fossa meningiomas.
• Develop a treatment strategy for individual anterior fossa meningiomas based upon imaging findings.
• Recognize the clinical factors involved in surgical decision-making for anterior fossa meningiomas.

7:30 AM	Bifrontal Approach for Anterior Fossa Meningiomas	Dr. Samuel Barnett
7:40 AM	Lateral Supraorbital Approach for Anterior Fossa Meningiomas	Dr. Christopher S Graffeo
7:50 AM	Pterional Approach for Anterior Fossa Meningiomas	Dr. Frank P Hsu
8:00 AM	Endonasal Approach for Anterior Fossa Meningiomas	Dr. Nathan T Zwagerman
8:10 AM	Brachytherapy for Recalcitrant Meningiomas	Dr. John David
8:20 AM	Q&A	All Panelist

Literature Review: What’s New in Olfactory Neuroblastoma?

^{Moderators: Dr. Wang Liang & Dr. Jamie Joseph Van Gompel}

This evidence-based session will review recent literature updates on esthesioneuroblastoma, providing attendees with an overview of new developments and state-of-the-art diagnostic and management strategies. This session is geared towards rhinologists, head and neck oncologists, neurosurgeons, radiation and medical oncologists, pathologists, radiologists, and trainees.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Understand recent literature updates on olfactory neuroblastoma diagnosis and management.
• Summarize key principles in modern understanding of olfactory neuroblastoma and how they differ from traditional understanding.
• Discuss controversies surrounding the olfactory neuroblastoma literature.

8:35 AM	Introduction	Dr. Edward Kuan
8:45 AM	Olfactory Neuroblastoma: A Multi-Center Survival Analysis and Application of a Staging Modification Incorporating Hyams Grade	Dr. Garret Choby
8:55AM	Radiographic Predictors of Occult Intracranial Involvement in Olfactory Neuroblastoma Patients	Dr. Mathew Geltzeiler
9:05 AM	Clinical Outcomes, Kadish-Insica Staging and Therapeutic Targeting of Somatostatin Receptor 2 in Olfactory Neuroblastoma	Dr. Matt Lechner
9:15 AM	Patient-Reported Outcomes, Physician-Reported Toxicities, and Treatment Outcomes in a Modern Cohort of Patients with Sinonasal Cancer Treated Using Proton Beam Therapy	Dr. G. Brandon Gunn
9:25 AM	Q&A	All Panelists

Protons vs. Photons for Anterior Skull Base Pathology

^{Moderators : Dr. Michelle Neben Wittich & Dr. Jack Phan}

This session will detail the use of proton vs photon radiation therapy for Anterior Skull Base Pathologies. Illustrative cases will be discussed to help attendees which modality is more appropriate when radiation therapy is needed.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Identify the differences between proton and photon therapy.
• Recognize when proton therapy may be an appropriate treatment.
• Categorize the risks and benefits of both modalities of radiation treatment.

1:20 PM	Proton vs. Photons for Sinonasal tumors (Including ACC)	Dr. Mark W. McDonald
1:30 PM	Proton vs. Photons for Nasopharyngeal Tumors	Dr. David Ira Rosenthal
1:40 PM	Proton vs. Photons for Recurrence	Dr. Brandi R Page
1:50 PM	The Future: Carbon Therapy for Sinonasal Cancers	Dr. Eric Lehrer
2:00 PM	SBRT for Recurrent Olfactory Neuroblastoma	Dr. Jack Phan
2:10 PM	Q&A	All Panelists

My Most Challenging Ventral Skull Base Reconstruction Cases

^{Moderators: Dr. Pete Batra & Dr. Kibwei A McKinney}

This session showcases illustrative case examples of highly challenging skull base reconstruction cases by experienced surgical teams. Rhinologists, head and neck oncologists, neurosurgeons, and trainees will benefit from this session.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Recognize factors that make a specific skull base defect particularly challenging to reconstruct.
• Describe strategies and principles for effective skull base reconstruction when fewer options are available.
• Compare challenging factors across different defect sites and based on patient factors.

2:25 PM	Introduction: What Makes a Skull Base Defect Challenging to Reconstruct?	Dr. Pete Batra
2:30 PM	Alternative Strategies When No Nasoseptal Flap is Available	Dr. Kibwei A McKinney
2:40 PM	The Role of Grafts For Challenging Skull Base Reconstruction	Dr. Raj Sindwani
2:50 PM	Reasons for Reconstructive Failure	Dr. Adam Zanation
3:00 PM	What to Do When Repairs Fail? Management of the Postoperative CSF Leak	Dr. Brian David Thorp
3:10 PM	Adjunctive Measures and at Risk Patients in CSF Leak Management	Dr. Mindy Rabinowitz
3:20 PM	Q&A	All Panelist

Sinonasal Malignancies: Pathology Nuances and Therapeutic Advances

^{Moderators: Dr. Christopher J. Farrell & Dr. Glenn Hanna}

This session will explore the rapid evolution of the diagnostic and molecular landscape of sinonasal cancers, which has implications for treatment selection.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Discuss the updated WHO classification of sinonasal cancers.
• Review evidence based indications for induction chemotherapy sinonasal cancers.
• Discuss current clinical trials, recent advances in biomarker discovery and implications for future therapies.

4:00 PM	Updates in WHO Classification of Sinonasal Malignancies	Dr. Snjezana Dogan
4:12 PM	Beyond Pathology Classification – Recent Discoveries in Genomics and Biomarkers	Dr. Lisa M Rooper
4:24 PM	Induction Chemotherapy – What are the Indications?	Dr. Neal Akhave
4:36 PM	Current Clinical Trials in Sinonasal Malignancies and Future Directions	Dr. Glenn Hanna
4:48 PM	Q&A	All Panelist

Cavernous Sinus and Middle Fossa: Anatomic, Radiographic and Pathologic Considerations
Moderators: Dr. Michael E Ivan & Dr. Varun Kshettry
This session is an up-to-date review of the anatomy, imaging, genetics, and biology as well as the natural history of pathology affecting the cavernous sinus and middle fossa. The presentations are relevant to all practitioners treating diseases affecting these anatomical areas.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Recognize novel anatomical concepts pertaining to the cavernous sinus and middle fossa.
• Interpret advanced imaging findings relevant to this pathology.
• Integrate the pathology, biology, and genetics of diseases affecting the cavernous sinus and middle fossa.
• Apply findings related to the natural history in the decision-making relevant to this pathology

7:30 AM	Cutting Edge Concepts in Cavernous Sinus and Middle Fossa Anatomy	Dr. Maria Peris Celda
7:45 AM	Tricks of the Trade in Cavernous Sinus and Middle Fossa Imaging	Dr.  Karuna  Shekdar
8:00 AM	A Crash Course on the Pathology, Biology, and Genetics of Cavernous Sinus and Middle Fossa Lesions	Dr.  Wenya Linda  Bi
8:15 AM	Natural History of Cavernous Sinus Tumors	Dr.  Carolina G Benjamin

Evolution of Approaches to the Cavernous Sinus and Middle Fossa: Standing on the Shoulders of Giants

_{Moderators: Dr. Olabisi R Sanusi & Dr. Philip Theodosopoulos}

This session is an ode to the history and evolution of skull base approaches to the middle fossa and cavernous sinus. This session is relevant to multiple practitioners treating pathology affecting these anatomical areas.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Articulate the history of a variety of approaches to the middle fossa and cavernous sinus.
• Recognize the evolution of these approaches over time.
• Formulate a surgical plan and select approaches based on specific indications and limitations.

8:35 AM	How Did We Learn to Operate in the Cavernous Sinus?	Dr. Harry Van Loveren
8:45 AM	Making the Most of an Extended Middle Fossa Approach	Dr. Badih Adada
8:55 AM	The Evolving Workhorse: Endoscopic Approaches to the Middle fossa and Cavernous Sinus	Dr. Francesco Doglietto
9:05 AM	Transmaxillary Temporal Lobectomies for Epilepsy: A Gamechanger or a Spoof?	Dr. Paul Gardner
9:15 AM	The Orbit as a Gateway to the Middle Fossa and Cavernous Sinus	Dr. Doo-Sik Kong
9:25 AM	Comprehensive Treatment of JNA’s : The History and Current State of the Art	Dr. Erin L. McKean

State of the Art Management of Tumors of the Cavernous Sinus and Middle Fossa

^{Moderators: Dr. Gustavo Pradilla & Dr. Nicholas R Rowan}

This session aims to provide a literature update on topics relevant to middle fossa and cavernous sinus pathology. Practitioners of all specialties treating such diseases would benefit.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Recognize the recent advancements in the treatment of a variety of middle fossa and cavernous sinus pathology
• Integrate the updated data into management strategies for middle fossa and cavernous sinus pathology.

1:20 PM	Radiosurgery for Cavernous Sinus Meningiomas: The Current State of the Art	Dr. Constantinos (Costas) George Hadjipanayis
1:28 PM	Cavernous Sinus Meningiomas – What is the Role of Surgery in the Era of Radiosurgery	Dr. Jacques J. Morcos
1:36 PM	Advancements in the Surgical Treatment of Trigeminal Schwannomas: A 360 Approach	Dr. William Couldwell
1:44 PM	Radiosurgery for Trigeminal Schwannomas: Technique, Control Rates, and Clinical Outcomes	Dr. Ajay Niranjan
1:52 PM	What is New in the Treatment of Spheno-orbital Meningiomas	Dr. Stephen T. Magill
2:00 PM	When the Horse is Out of the Barn: Modern Management Strategies for Sinonasal Malignancies Extending to the Cavernous Sinus And Middle Fossa	Dr. Edward Kuan
2:08 PM	Trigeminal Schwannoma Surgery: Challenges in Preserving Facial Sensation	Dr. Michihiro Kohno
2:16 PM	Q&A	All Panelist

Video Session: Surgical Techniques for the Cavernous Sinus and Middle Fossa

^{Moderators: Dr. Garret Choby & Dr. Olabisi R Sanusi}

This session features narrated surgical videos of procedures treating middle fossa and cavernous sinus pathology, and is appropriate for all specialists treating these diseases.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Identify surgical pearls and pitfalls in the treatment of cavernous sinus and middle fossa pathology.
• Compare different treatment surgical techniques in the treatment of cavernous sinus and middle fossa pathology.

2:25 PM	Introduction	Dr. Garret Choby
2:27 PM	The Trans-orbital Approach to the Cavernous Sinus	Dr. Kris S. Moe
2:35 PM	The Front Door to Trigeminal Schwannomas	Dr. Daniel Prevedello
2:43 PM	The Side Door to Trigeminal Schwannomas	Dr. Vijay Agarwal
2:51 PM	Petrosectomy for Petroclival Meningiomas – How Do I Do It	Dr. Giovanni Danesi
2:59 PM	Intradural Anterior Petrosectomy – The Inside Out Perspective	Dr. Jia Wang
3:07 PM	Keyhole Approach to Cavernous Sinus Meningioma	Dr. Garni Barkhoudarian
3:15 PM	Q&A	All Panelist

The Clash: Controversies in Cavernous Sinus and Middle Fossa Pathologies

^{Moderators: Dr. Shaan M. Raza & Dr. Georgios Zenonos}

This session is a case based discussion between a panel of experts. A variety of cases will be presented and discussed by the experts. The audience will then have the chance to vote before the management strategy is followed and the outcomes are presented. The discussions will benefit any specialist treating pathology affecting the cavernous sinus and middle fossa.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Identify a variety of treatment strategies for pathology involving the cavernous sinus and middle fossa.

4:00 – 5:00 PM	Case Presentation/ Panel Discussion with Audience Polling/ Management Strategy & Outcome Reveal	Dr. Georgios Zenonos Dr. Shaan M. Raza

Paragangliomas: Syndromic and Sporadic, Diagnosis, Genetic Testing, and Management

^{Moderators: Dr. Paul Gidley & Dr. Camilo Jimenez}

This session will provide a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art strategies for the management of paraganglioma. It will be of interest to all those involved in the interdisciplinary treatment of paraganglioma.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Integrate multimodality approaches for the management of paraganglioma.
• Identify novel therapeutic targets in the treatment of paraganglioma.
• Recognize the role of interdisciplinary management of paraganglioma.

7:30 AM	Radiology of Paraganglioma	Dr. Melissa Chen
7:40 AM	Paraganglioma Syndromes	Dr. Camilo Jimenez
7:50 AM	Surgery for Carotid Body Tumors and Glomus Vagales	Dr. Ian Witterick
8:00 AM	Radiotherapy of Paraganglioma	Dr. Joshua Silverman
8:10 AM	Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy for Paraganglioma	Dr. Camilo Jimenez
8:20 AM	Q&A	All Panelist

Management of Paraganglioma: Panel with Cases

^{Moderators: Dr. Harishanker Jeyarajan & Dr. Sarah Rohde}

This session aims to discuss the difficulties in the management of paraganglioma. Panelists will discuss illustrative cases and their philosophy around decision-making for these challenging tumors.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Prioritize goals of care for patients with paraganglioma.
• Select an appropriate treatment approach to address the patient`s primary symptom or sign.
• Compare different management philosophies regarding paraganglioma.

8:35 AM	Introduction	Dr. Sarah Rohde
8:40 AM	Difficult Carotid Body Tumor Case Presentation & Panel Discussion	Dr. Harishanker Jeyarajan
8:52 AM	Difficult Jugular Paraganglioma (Jugulotympanicum) Tumor Case Presentation & Panel Discussion	Dr. Harishanker Jeyarajan
9:04 AM	Difficult Syndromic Paragangliomas Case Presentation & Panel Discussion	Dr. Sarah Rohde
9:16 AM	Malignant Paragangliomas Case Presentation & Panel Discussion	Dr. Harishanker Jeyarajan
9:28 AM	Q&A	All Panelist

Jugular Foramen Tumors Beyond Paragangliomas: Surgical Nuances

^{Moderators: Dr. Mai-Lan Ho & Dr. Ravi Samy}

Review the different treatment options and approaches for tumors, other than paragangliomas, involving the jugular foramen. Case presentation with video presentations and focus on surgical techniques. Discussion of cranial nerve preservation and role of carotid artery stents.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Evaluate the different surgical approaches to the jugular foramen.
• Evaluate the radiotherapy options for the treatment of jugular foramen tumors.
• Develop a multimodality algorithm for management of jugular foramen tumors.

1:20 PM	Introduction	Dr. Mai-Lan Ho
1:25 PM	Open Surgical Approaches to Jugular Foramen	Dr. Brandon Isaacson
1:40 PM	Endoscopic Surgical Approach to JF	Dr. Ivan El-Sayed
1:55 PM	Non-Surgical Strategies and Considerations in the Management of JF Meningiomas/Schwannomas	Dr. Adam L Holtzman
2:10 PM	Q&A	All Panelist

Robots vs Endoscopes vs Open: Approach Strategies to the Parapharyngeal Space and Infratemporal Fossa

^{Moderators: Dr. Benedict J Panizza & Dr. Meghan T Turner}

This session will feature cases involving tumors of the infratemporal fossa. Management strategies will be discussed, with an emphasis on the controversies surrounding the surgical approach.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Identify and evaluate treatment options for patients` tumors of the infratemporal fossa.
• Understand the factors which inform choice of surgical approach.
• Understand vascular control strategies including IMA ligation, carotid artery access and control.

2:25 PM	How I Do It: Open	Dr. Daniel Nuss
2:25 PM	How I Do It: Robotic	Dr. Christopher Rassekh
2:25 PM	How I Do It: Endoscopic	Dr. Ricardo Carrau
2:25 PM	Case Presentation with Discussion	Dr. Meghan T Turner
3:05 PM	Case Presentation with Discussion	Dr. Benedict J Panizza
3:15 PM	Q&A	All Panelist

Where the Skull Meets the Spine: Tailoring the Surgical Approach of the Occipito-Cervical Junction

^{Moderators: Dr. Joao Paulo Almeida & Dr. Davide Croci}

This session will highlight the surgical options in treating pathologies affecting the craniocervical junction, with a specific focus on the anatomical surgical approach to maximize surgical resection and maintenance of the biomechanical stability at the occipital cervical junction in the long term. This will allow us to better understand the importance of, and how to preserve, craniocervical stability in order to optimize patient outcomes not only from an oncological standpoint, but from a functional, and quality of life as well.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Demonstrate the anatomy and biomechanical principles of the craniocervical junction.
• Compare the surgical approaches to the craniocervical-junction.
• Identify the limits of the extension of the surgical approach in order to not compromise the biomechanical stability.
• Recognize when and how craniocervical stabilization is needed.

4:00 PM	Anatomy of the Cranio-cervical Junction	Dr. Joao Paulo Almeida
4:15 PM	Open Surgical Approaches: Far Lateral Approach and Variants	Dr. Franco DeMonte
4:30 PM	Endoscopic Approaches to the Craniocervical Junction	Dr. Sebastien Froelich
4:45 PM	Biomechanical Stability of the Occipital Cervical Junction and How to Stabilize the Craniocervical Junction	Dr. Andrew Dailey

Unusual Temporal Bone Lesions & Management Strategies

^{Moderators: Dr. Emily Kay-Rivest & Dr. J. Thomas Roland, Jr.}

This one-hour session will be a case-based program where the moderator will present four cases of unusual lesions of the lateral skull base including a very large destructive cholesteatoma, a malignant jugular paraganglioma, a chondrosarcoma, a large papillary endolymphatic sac tumor, and a facial schwannoma. The panel, consisting of a neurosurgeon, a neurotologist, and a radiation oncologist will field questions about the management of these lesions including surgical approaches and radiation considerations.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Understand the surgical approaches to unusual skull base lesions.
• Describe the indications for radiation therapy for unusual skull base lesions.
• Identify the cranial nerves at risk with unusual skull base lesions management.

7:30 – 8:15 AM: Case Presentations and Discussion (4)

Panelist: Dr. Kestutis Paul Boyev Panelist: Dr. Benjamin Coope Panelist: Dr. John Golfinos Panelist:Dr. Sean McMenomey

State of the Art Facial Nerve Reanimation

^{Moderators: Dr. Michael Baddour & Dr. Larissa Sweeny}

Expert lectures from facial plastic surgeons on the timing of an ideal facial reconstruction option for patients with facial nerve weakness from skull base pathology or treatment.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Learn when to refer for facial therapy and reanimation with facial palsy after skull base surgery.
• Understand facial synkinesis management options.
• Counsel patients about surgical reanimation timing.

8:35 AM	Dynamic Reanimations	Dr. Michael Baddour
8:45 AM	Static Reanimation	Dr. Andrew Huang
8:55 AM	Management of Early Facial Palsy Including Eye Protection, Use of EMG in Decision Making and Timing of Rehabilitation Therapy.	Dr. Irene Kim
9:05 AM	Management of Synkinesis in the Patient with Facial Palsy	Dr. Priyesh Patel
9:15 AM	Adjunctive Therapies: Do They Do Anything?	Dr. Danielle Eytan
9:25 AM	Q&A	All Panelist

Radiology of the Lateral Skull Base

^{Moderators: Dr. Girish Fatterpekar & Dr. Elcin Zan}

This session will highlight the radiology of the lateral skull base with presentations by experts with an emphasis on new concepts and techniques. The discussion will emphasize how physicians might use this information for patient management and decision-making.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Understand new imaging concepts for lateral skull base pathology.
• Learn how radiologic imaging contributes to clinical decision-making with lateral skull base lesions.
• Determine which radiologic test to order for specific lesions of the lateral skull base.

1:20 PM	Radiologic Pearls for CPA and Temporal Bone Lesions	Dr. Mari Hagiwara
1:35 PM	Radiology of the Facial Nerve	Dr. Elcin Zan
1:50 PM	Prediction of Facial Nerve Outcomes in Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery Based on Preoperative MRI	Dr. A. Samy Youssef
2:05 PM	Clinical Applications of Diffusion Tenor Imaging and Tractography	Dr. Jennifer Becker

Optimizing Stereotactic Radiosurgery Outcomes In Lateral Skull Base Lesions

^{Moderators: Dr. Lawrence Berk & Dr. Jack Phan}

This session will consist of five presentations, each discussing the indications for, radiation physics, and the potential complications of different radiation paradigms for skull base lesion management.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Counsel and inform patients about radiation therapy options for skull base lesions.
• Understand the difference between the various radiation options.
• Understand the complications of radiation therapy.

2:25 PM	CyberKnife: Physics, Indications, Complications	Dr. Brian T Collins
2:35 PM	Gamma Knife Therapy: Physics, Indications, Complications	Dr. Joshua Silverman
2:45 PM	Choosing the Right Radiation for Acoustic Neuroma Management	Dr. Christopher S. Graffeo
2:55 PM	Hearing Outcomes in Upfront Radiosurgery vs Wait-and-Scan Approach in Vestibular Schwannoma	Dr. Oystein Tveiten
3:05 PM	Multisession Compared to Single Session SRS to Preserve Hearing in Sporadic VS, the Results of a Prospective Randomized Trial	Dr. Lawrence Berk
3:15 PM	Q&A	All Panelist

Surgical Approaches to the Skull Base for Lesions of the CPA

^{Moderators: Dr. Tina Huang & Dr. Andrew McCall}

This session will consist of four presentations, each outlining the key steps and concepts for lateral approaches to the skull base. The presenters will review the anatomic considerations and potential complications associated with each approach.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Understand the advantages of each of the lateral skull base approaches.
• List the potential pitfalls of each of the lateral skull base approaches.
• Differentiate hearing preservation and non -hearing preservation approaches.

4:00 PM	Translabyrinthine Approach	Dr. Robert Yawn
4:15 PM	Retrosigmoid Approach	Dr. Carlos David
4:30 PM	Middle Cranial Fossa Approach	Dr. Pamela Roehm
4:45 PM	Transpetrosal and Posterior Petrosectomy Approach	Dr. Giovanni Danesi

Fred Gentili Pituitary Education Day Part 1
Moderators: Dr. Zachary Litvack & Dr. Dr. Raj Sindwani
This session will cover various crucial topics, including a tribute to Dr. Fred Gentili for his contributions to pituitary surgery, discussions on anatomical nuances of modern pituitary surgery, updates in pathology classification of pituitary tumors, advances in imaging modalities and surgical outcome predictors for pituitary tumors, comprehensive ophthalmologic assessment for pituitary tumors beyond hemitemporal hemianopia, and strategies for growing a pituitary surgery practice and increasing market share. This session is a must-attend for neurosurgeons, neurologists, ophthalmologists, and ENTs seeking to enhance their knowledge and expertise in the management of pituitary-related disorders.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Recognize the anatomical nuances relevant to modern pituitary surgery.
• Classify pituitary tumors based on updated pathology classifications presented during the session.
• Apply advanced imaging modalities and surgical outcome predictors discussed in the session to enhance preoperative assessment and decision-making for pituitary tumor management.

7:30 AM	Introduction – Neurosurgery	Dr. Hamid Borghei-Razavi
7:32 AM	Introduction – ENT	Dr. Arjun Parasher
7:36 AM	Anatomical Nuances of Modern Pituitary Surgery	Dr. Karam Asmaro
7:46 AM	Update in Pathology Classification of Pituitary Tumors	Dr. Darshan Trivedi
7:56 AM	Imaging Nuances of Pituitary Tumors: Advances in Imaging Modalities and Surgical Outcome Predictors	Dr. Lea M Alhilali
8:06 AM	Ophthalmologic Assessment for Pituitary Tumors: Beyond Bitemporal Hemianopsia	Dr. Howard Krauss
8:16 AM	Q&A	All Panelist

Fred Gentili Pituitary Education Day Part 2: Functional Pituitary Tumors: Management and Challenges
Moderators: Dr. Annie Moreau & Dr. Roger E Turbin

The session on `Functional Pituitary Tumors: Management and Challenges` will feature leading experts in the field of neurosurgery discussing updates on the diagnosis and management of Cushing disease, acromegaly, MRI-negative ACTH-secreting pituitary tumors, and prolactinomas. Additionally, the role of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and pharmacological therapy in managing these conditions will be explored, along with an update on current clinical trials in pituitary tumors. This session is designed for neurosurgeons, endocrinologists, ENTs and healthcare professionals interested in the latest advancements and challenges in the management of functional pituitary tumors.
At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Diagnose and distinguish Cushing`s disease and acromegaly accurately.
• Apply comprehensive strategies for the diagnosis and management of MRI-negative ACTH-secreting pituitary tumors, addressing challenges in identifying and treating these cases effectively.
• Evaluate and prioritize expanding surgical indications for prolactinomas, considering the potential benefits and risks to optimize patient outcomes.

8:35 AM	Updates on the Diagnosis of Cushing Disease and Acromegaly	Dr. Marla Elaine Sevilla Alsina
8:45 AM	Challenges in Diagnosis and Management of MRI-negative ACTH-secreting Pituitary Tumors	Dr. Gabriel Zada
8:55 AM	Management of Prolactinomas – Expanding Surgical Indication	Dr. Ali Jalali
9:05 AM	Role of SRS in Functional Pituitary Tumors	Dr. Michael McDermott
9:15 AM	The Role of Pharmacological Therapy in Management of Cushing Disease	Dr. Divya Yogi-Morren
9:25 AM	Update on Current Clinical Trials in Pituitary Tumors	Dr. Andrew S. Little

Fred Gentili Pituitary Education Day Part 3: Surgical Management of Pituitary Tumors
Moderators: Dr. Marvin Bergsneider & Dr. Ivo Petoe
The session on `Surgical Management of Pituitary Tumors` will showcase cutting-edge techniques and approaches employed by leading experts in the field of neurosurgery. Topics covered will include the utilization of new technologies in pituitary surgery, endoscopic approaches for giant pituitary adenomas, indications and nuances of the transcranial approach for pituitary tumors, gland preservation strategies, and the intricacies of cavernous sinus middle wall resection in functional pituitary tumors. Additionally, the session will delve into the surgical management of MRI-negative ACTH-secreting pituitary tumors, providing valuable insights for neurosurgeons and healthcare professionals seeking to stay at the forefront of pituitary tumor surgical techniques and advancements.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Identify and evaluate the application of new technologies in pituitary surgery, understanding their potential benefits in improving surgical outcomes and patient care.
• Analyze and differentiate the endoscopic and transcranial approaches for giant pituitary adenomas, considering their indications and nuances to optimize surgical strategies.
• Recognize and prioritize gland preservation techniques during pituitary adenoma surgery, aiming to enhance hormonal function and patient quality of life postoperatively.

1:20 PM	New Technologies in Pituitary Surgery	Dr. Douglas A Hardesty
1:30 PM	Endoscopic Approach to Giant Pituitary Adenoma	Dr. Raj Shrivastava
1:40 PM	Transcranial Approach for Pituitary Tumors – Indications and Nuances	Dr. Ossama Al-Mefty
1:50 PM	Gland Preservation in Pituitary Adenoma Surgery	Dr. Garni Barkhoudarian
2:00 PM	Cavernous Sinus Medial Wall Resection in Functional Pituitary Tumors	Dr. Vladimir Ljubimov
2:10 PM	Surgical Management for MRI-negative ACTH-secreting Pituitary Tumors	Dr. John Jane

Fred Gentili Pituitary Education Day Part 4: Surgical Complications and Post-op Management in Pituitary Surgery
Moderators: Dr. David Jang & Dr. Deanna Sasaki-Adams

The session on `Surgical Complications and Post-op Management in Pituitary Surgery` will cover critical aspects of pituitary surgery. Topics discussed will include reconstruction techniques in endonasal endoscopic pituitary surgery, updates on the management of pituitary apoplexy, intra-operative management of carotid injury during pituitary surgery, electrolyte management after pituitary surgery, the implementation of enhanced recovery and accelerated discharge protocols, and the emerging application of artificial intelligence in pituitary surgery. This session is designed for neurosurgeons and healthcare professionals seeking to enhance their knowledge on surgical complications and post-operative care for patients undergoing pituitary surgery.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

•  Implement effective reconstruction techniques in endonasal endoscopic pituitary surgery to enhance surgical outcomes and minimize postoperative complications.
• Apply updated strategies for the management of pituitary apoplexy, focusing on prompt diagnosis and tailored treatment approaches to optimize patient recovery.
• Demonstrate proficiency in intra-operative management of carotid injury during pituitary surgery, recognizing the importance of immediate interventions to prevent potential complications.

2:25 PM	Reconstruction Techniques in Endonasal Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery	Dr. Jean Anderson Eloy
2:37 PM	Update on the Management of Pituitary Apoplexy	Dr. Varun Kshettry
2:49 PM	Intra-operative Management of Carotid injury in Pituitary Surgery	Dr. Jeremy N Ciporen
3:01 PM	Potential Pitfalls in Pituitary Surgery: Recognizing Hypophysitis	Dr. Luma Ghalib
3:18 PM	Application of Artificial Intelligence in Pituitary Surgery	Dr. Michael Karsy

Fred Gentili Pituitary Education Day Part 5: Debates
Moderators: Dr. Hamid Borghei-Razavi & Dr. George Bovis

The `Debates` session will feature a panel discussion covering key themes in pituitary pathology, including challenges in managing persistent Cushing`s and acromegaly, complexities of giant pituitary adenomas, and insights into Rathke cleft cysts. Attendees can expect engaging discussions and valuable perspectives from renowned experts in the field.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Differentiate treatment approaches and outcomes for persistent Cushing, giant pituitary adenoma with multi-compartment involvement, and Rathke cleft cysts.             
• Evaluate and prioritize surgical interventions for cases of acromegaly or Cushing with medial wall invasion, considering the potential risks and benefits to optimize patient outcomes.
• Formulate evidence-based strategies for managing recurrent Cushing and persistent acromegaly cases, integrating the latest advancements in treatment options and patient care.

4:00 PM	Case 1 Presentation and Panel Discussion: Persistent Cushing	Dr. Kiarash Shahlaie
4:10 PM	Case 2 Presentation and Panel Discussion: Giant Pituitary Adenoma with Multi Compartment Involvement	Dr. Vijay Agarwal
4:20 PM	Case 3 Presentation and Panel Discussion: Rathke Cleft Cysts	Dr. Christopher Hong
4:30 PM	Case 4 Presentation and Panel Discussion: Acromegaly/Cushing with Medial Wall Invasion	Dr. Ahmed Mohyeldin
4:40 PM	Case 5 Presentation and Panel Discussion: Recurrent Cushing	Dr. Manish Aghi
4:50 PM	Case 6 Presentation and Panel Discussion: Persistent Acromegaly	Dr. Luma Ghalib

_{^{RHOTON ROOM: Dueling Dissections Session 1: The World Around the Orbit}}

Moderators: Dr. Aria Jafari & Dr. Kris S. Moe

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• _{^{Develop a better understanding of the surgical anatomy of the orbit as a target and as a route to the skull base.}}
• _{^{Recognize key surgical landmarks and technical nuances for the endonasal and open transorbital approaches to and through the orbit.}}
• _{^{Compare the benefits and disadvantages of endonasal and open transorbital approaches.}}

4:00 PM	Welcome and Introduction	Dr. Maria Peris Celda
4:01 PM	3D Surgical Anatomy of the Orbit	Dr. Carlos Pinheiro-Neto
4:21 PM	Case Presentation/Discussion Open Approaches	Dr. Mario Zuccarello
4:31 PM	Case Presentation/Transorbital Approach	Dr. Kris S. Moe
4:41 PM	Case Presentation/Discussion Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches	Dr. Aria Jafari
4:51 PM	Dueling Dissection: Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to the Orbit: Medial and Inferior Approaches & Optic Nerve Decompression	Dr. Ben Bleier Dr. Suzanne Freitag
4:51 PM	Dueling Dissection: Lateral and Superior Approaches to the Orbit and Transorbital Approach to the Skull Base: Anterior Clinoidectomy, Optic Nerve Decompression, Approach to the Cavernous Sinus & Meckel`s Cave	Dr. Kyle Godfrey Dr. Theodore H. Schwartz

10:05  –  12:20   General Session

AI and Scientific Publications: An Editor’s Perspective Presentation	Dr. Siviero Agazzi
State of Skull Base Publications presentation for JNLS-B	Dr. Dennis Kraus & Dr. Michael Link
AI and Scientific Publications: An Editor’s Perspective presentation	Dr. Michael Link
Curtin Call Radiology Lecture	Dr. Claudia Kirsch
Honored Guest Speaker	Dr. Luca Regli
Skull Base Jeopardy!	Dr. Walter Jean

7:30 AM – 8:30 AM   Proffered Papers 1: Vascular 1
8:35 AM – 9:35 AM   Proffered Papers 2: Basic/Translational Science
1:20 PM – 2:20 PM   Proffered Papers 3: Anterior Skull Base/Middle Fossa Video Session
2:25 PM – 3:25 PM   Proffered Papers 4: Surgical Approaches and Technology 1
5:05 PM – 6:05 PM Proffered Papers 5: Best Video Session
5:05 PM – 6:05 PM Proffered Papers 6: Sinonasal Malignancy
5:05 PM – 6:05 PM Proffered Papers 7: Lateral Skull Base/CPA/Jugular Foramen
5:05 PM – 6:05 PM Proffered Papers 8: Cavernous Sinus/Middle Fossa 1
505 PM – 6:05 PM Proffered Papers 9: Meningioma 1

^{Moderators: Dr. Sepideh Amin-Hanjani & Dr. Jennifer A Moliterno Gunel}

A career in skull base surgery can undoubtedly be both demanding and rewarding. Being a person of a diverse and minority background, whether of female sex or otherwise, can create even more challenges and potential barriers for success. Participants should include both men and women who are interested in learning strategies for defining and pursuing success for a robust and balanced career in skull base surgery.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Define what a successful career in skull base surgery could encompass.
• Identify potential challenges for a skull base specialist of a diverse or minority background.
• Develop realistic strategies for ways to overcome diversity barriers to success.
• The realization that there is a supportive network committed to enhancing diversity in skull base surgery.

6:05 PM: Welcome Reception, and Poster Viewing in the Exhibit Hall
Join fellow meeting attendees for drinks, light appetizers, and a great networking opportunity.

AI in Skull Base Surgery, Head and Neck Radiology

Moderators: Dr. Claudia Kirsch & Dr. Carlos David

The continued advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), have grown dramatically in the past decade, affecting the ability to diagnose tumors, quantitate pathology and predict disease outcomes. (1-3). This session presents current work on how artificial intelligence and machine learning, presenting the basic `pearls` and `pitfalls`, and how AI and ML are currently utilized in patients with skull base pathology, the impact diagnosis, treatment planning, determining pathology and predicting patient outcomes.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Appraise AI applications in Head and Neck Imaging and their utility in radiopathologic correlation.
• Distinguish subtypes of AI applications for skull base, vascular, spine, tumor, pediatric radiographic and pathologic evaluations.

7:30 AM	Introduction to AI Radiology in the Skull Base	Dr. Claudia Kirsch
7:40 AM	AI Radiology Pathology Correlation	Dr. Nancy Pham
7:50 AM	AI and Outcomes – Planning to Succeed	Dr. Claudia Kirsch
8:00 AM	AI for Surgical Planning and Pathology	Dr. Todd Hollon
8:10 AM	AI for the Radiation Oncologist  – Can Machine Learning Optimize Care	Dr. Clifton David Fuller
8:20 AM	AI – Can it Enhance Pediatric Skull Base Imaging	Dr. Mai-Lan Ho

International Consensus Statements: How Can the International Consensus of Skull Base (ICSB) and  International Consensus of Sinonasal Tumors (ICSNT) Help Your Practice?

^{Moderators: Dr. Nyall R London & Dr. Marilene Beth Wang}

This session provides an overview of the highlights in the ICSB and ICSNT documents and implications for clinical practice for skull base surgeons. It is relevant for rhinologists, head and neck oncologists, neurosurgeons, radiation and medical oncologists, pathologists, radiologists, and trainees.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Understand the methodology and objectives of the ICSB and ICSNT documents.
• Summarize the overall findings of the ICSB and ICSNT documents.
• Integrate key content from the ICSB and ICSNT documents which are relevant to skull base surgical practice.

8:35 AM	Overview of ARS and ICAR	Dr. Marilene Beth Wang
8:40 AM	Overview of ICSB	Dr. Eric Wang
8:50 AM	Overview of ICSNT	Dr. Edward Kuan
9:00 AM	ICSB: Morbidity After Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery	Dr. Nithin D. Adappa
9:10 AM	ICSNT: Update on SNUC and Subtypes	Dr. Shirley Y. Su
9:20 AM	The Big Picture of Consensus Statements	Dr. James N Palmer

^{Video Session: Margin Analysis}

^{Moderators: Dr. Diana Bell & Dr. Dennis Kraus}

This session will showcase techniques and principles behind sampling margins for surgical treatment of skull base tumors, an area of little consensus and much controversy. The session will be of interest to rhinologists, head and neck oncologists, neurosurgeons, radiation oncologists, and trainees.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Compare different techniques for sampling margins endoscopically.
• Understand nuances of margin sampling across different surgical sites.
• Understand emerging research and techniques in minimally invasive margin assessment.

1:20 PM	Introduction: Principles and Indications of Margin Analysis	Dr. Diana Bell
1:30 PM	Margin Analysis in Open Craniofacial Resection and Intra-Cranial Structures	Dr. Daniel Nuss
1:40 PM	Margin Analysis in Endoscopic Craniofacial Resection	Dr. Teppei Takeda
1:50 PM	Margin Analysis in Maxillary Sinus Tumor Surgery Orbit and Infratemporal Fossa	Dr. Clementino Arturo Solares
2:00 PM	Margin Analysis for Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: Does it Matter?	Dr. John de Almeida
2:10 PM	Q&A	All Panelist

Video Session: Nasopharynx

^{Moderators: Dr. Ivan El-Sayed & Dr. Ian Witterick}

This session will demonstrate surgical videos of the emerging field of nasopharyngeal surgery, such as that for nasopharyngeal carcinoma and radiation necrosis. The session will be of interest to rhinologists, head and neck oncologists, neurosurgeons, and trainees.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Comprehend the indications and contraindications for nasopharyngeal resection.
• Describe surgical techniques and instruments relevant for nasopharyngeal surgery.
• Understand outcomes and complications related to nasopharyngeal surgery.

2:25 PM	Indications for Nasopharyngectomy	Dr. Ian Witterick
2:35 PM	Nasopharyngectomy  for Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma	Dr. Weihsin Wang
2:45 PM	Nasopharyngectomy for Radiation Necrosis	Dr. Tae-Bin Won
2:55 PM	Reconstruction Options Including Free Flaps	Dr. Matthew J Mifsud
3:05 PM	Complications of Nasopharyngectomy	Dr. Ivan El-Sayed
3:15 PM	Q&A	All Panelist

Exoscopic Surgery and Virtual Planning for Craniofacial Surgery

^{Moderators: Dr. Vijay Agarwal & Dr. Alexander K Yu}

This session will explore the current utilization of the exoscope and virtual planning in anterior skull base surgery. The limitations of the current technology in illumination and optical visualization will be discussed along with the advantages of the exoscope over conventional visualization modalities. The session will be interesting for trainees and surgeons in the fields of neurosurgery, otolaryngology, ophthalmology, radiology and plastic surgery.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Recognize the advantages of the exoscope over current visualization modalities.
• Understand the current landscape of virtual planning for surgery.
• Predict the future direction of exoscope utilization in skull base surgery.

4:00 PM	Exoscope in Skull Base Surgery: The Future is Now	Dr. Miguel Saez-Alegre
4:15 PM	Why You Should Change to Exoscopic Surgery	Dr. John Y.K. Lee
4:30 PM	Virtual Planning for Vascular Surgery	Dr. Bernard R. Bendok
4:45 PM	Virtual Planning for Tumor Surgery	Dr. Walter Jean

Management of Advanced Salivary Gland Malignancies of the Skull Base: Presentation and Case Discussion

^{Moderator: Dr. Dennis Kraus & Dr. Lee Zimmer}

This session aims to discuss controversies in the management of advanced salivary gland malignancies of the skull base. Panelists will discuss illustrative cases and their philosophy around decision-making for these challenging tumors.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Understand pathology nuances of minor salivary tumors of the skull base.
• Compare multimodality management options regarding advanced salivary gland malignancies of the skull base.
• Understand therapeutic advances for this difficult to treat tumor.

7:30 AM	Updates in Molecular Classification and Diagnostic Nuances of Salivary Gland Tumor	Dr. Snjezana Dogan
7:40 AM	Systemic Therapy and Trial in Salivary Gland Malignancies	Dr. Glenn Hanna
7:50 AM	Recent Advances and Options in Radiotherapy	Dr. Christopher T Wilke
8:00 AM	Q&A, Case Presentation	Dr. Marc A. Cohen

Management of Advanced Cutaneous Malignancies Involving the Skull Base: Immunotherapy, Surgical Techniques, and Clinical Trials

^{Moderators: Dr. Ehab Hanna & Dr. Glenn Hanna}

Discuss the management options for patients with locally advanced cutaneous malignancies involving the lateral skull base.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Discuss the indications for neoadjuvant therapy for cutaneous malignancies.
• Discuss surgical treatment of cutaneous malignancies with skull base involvement.
• Understand the role of radiotherapy, in relation to surgery and systemic therapy.

8:35 AM	Surgical Management of Advanced Cutaneous Cancers Involving the Skull Base	Dr. Benedict J Panizza
8:45 AM	Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy and Clinical Trials	Dr. Renata Ferrarotto
9:00 AM	Radiotherapy Nuances in Cutaneous SCC and Management of Skull Base Involvement	Dr. John P Kirkpatrick
9:15 AM	Imaging Changes in Immunotherapy	Dr. Melissa Chen
9:25 AM	Case Presentations	Dr. Glenn Hanna

Maximizing Clinical Outcomes in Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma Management

^{Moderators: Dr. Morten Lund-Johansen & Dr. Jeffrey H. Wisoff}

This session will review various vestibular schwannoma management.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Review the current treatment strategies for sporadic vestibular schwannomas with an emphasis on patient quality of life outcomes.

1:20 PM	How to Best Measure Quality of Life in Treatment of Vestibular Schwannoma	Dr. Matthew Luke Carlson
1:30 PM	Up Front Radiosurgery versus Wait and See: Results of RCT	Dr. Morten Lund-Johansen
1:40 PM	Predictors of Recurrence After Subtotal Resection of VS	Dr. Moises Arriaga
1:50 PM	The Normal Hearing Vestibular Schwannoma Patient	Dr. Gregory P. Lekovic
2:00 PM	Case Presentation	Dr. Matthew Luke Carlson
2:10 PM	Q&A	All Panelist

Endoscopic vs Open Surgical Approach to the Craniocervical Junction

^{Moderators: Dr. Davide Croci & Dr. Hamid Borghei-Razavi}

This session aims to discuss the difficulties in the management of tumors affecting the craniocervical junction. Panelists will discuss illustrative cases and their philosophy around decision-making for these challenging tumors.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Prioritize the goal of care of patients affected by tumor in the craniocervical-junctions.
• Select an appropriate surgical approach to address the patient`s primary symptom or sign.
• Compare different management philosophies in regard to tumors of the craniocervical junction.

4:00 PM	Case Presentation and Discussion	Dr. Davide Croci
4:15 PM	Case Presentation and Discussion	Dr. Hamid Borghei-Razavi
4:30 PM	Technical Note: How I Do It Occiput Cervical Fusion	Dr. Andrew Dailey
4:40 PM	Technical Note: How I Do It Far Lateral Approach	Dr. Luciano Mastronardi
4:50 PM	Technical Note: How I Do It Endoscopic Approach to the Craniocervical Junction	Dr. James K. Liu

Vestibular Schwannoma and Neurofibromatosis Education Day Part 1: Ethics & Decision Making in Vestibular Schwannoma Management    

Moderators: Dr. Emily Kay-Rivest & Dr. Ashley Nassiri

Decision-making in vestibular schwannoma management is complex for both physicians and patients. This session will review ethical considerations, physician-patient communication, informed consent, and moving toward consensus on general management strategies as a field.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Articulate ethical considerations in decision-making and patient communication.
• Describe the nuances associated with informed consent for complex skull base surgery.
• Recognize the importance of developing general guidelines for VS management.

7:30 AM	Ethical Considerations in Decision-making for Complex Surgeries	Dr. Liese Pruitt
7:45 AM	Informed Consent in Complex Skull Base Surgery?	Dr. Jean Anderson Eloy
8:00 AM	Developing Consensus in Vestibular Schwannoma Management Strategy	Dr. Matthew Luke Carlson
8:15 AM	Panel Discussion	All Panelist

Vestibular Schwannoma and Neurofibromatosis Education Day Part 2: NF2 in the Young Patient

Moderators: Dr. Daniel Lee & Dr. Kaleb Yohay

This session reviews current practices in NF2 in this special patient population, controversial situations, active clinical trials, and genetics.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Understand genetic variations of NF2 disease and their clinical impact.
• Outline overall treatment strategy and medical and surgical options in young NF2 patients.
• Delineate nuances in decision-making in young patients with aggressive NF2 phenotype.

8:35 AM	Strategy and Goals of Care for the Young Patient with NF2 Genetic Severity Profile	Dr. Omar Pathmanaban
8:50 AM	Active Clinical Trials and Medical Management Considerations	Dr. Kaleb Yohay
9:05 AM	Genetic Variation in NF2 and Implications in Management for the Pediatric Population	Dr. Lisa Schimmenti
9:20 AM	Management of Small, Growing Vestibular Schwannomas in the Young NF2 Patient	Dr. J. Thomas Roland, Jr.

Vestibular Schwannoma and Neurofibromatosis Education Day Part 3: Molecular Understanding & Advancements in Vestibular Schwannoma

^{Moderator: Dr. Cathal Hannan & Dr. Matthias Karajannis}

Experts will give lectures on the updated understanding of the biology of vestibular schwannoma, predictors of growth, the future of medical management, and active clinical trials.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Identify current fields of research in vestibular schwannoma biology.
• Apply understanding of vestibular schwannoma biology to determine potential predictors of growth.
• List active areas of research in medical management and gene therapy for vestibular schwannoma

1:20 PM	Vestibular Schwannoma Biology for the Surgeon: Genetics, Macrophages, and Molecular Predictors of Growth	Dr. Omar Pathmanaban
1:40 PM	The Inflammatory Microenvironment in Vestibular Schwannoma	Dr. Cathal Hannan
2:00 PM	Current and Emerging Medical Treatment Options for Vestibular Schwannoma	Dr. Matthias Karajannis
2:10 PM	Q&A	All Panelist

Vestibular Schwannoma and Neurofibromatosis Education Day Part 4: Cochlear Implantation and Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring in Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery

^{_{Moderators: Dr. Samuel P Gubbels & Dr. Neil S Patel}}

This expert panel will explore demonstrative cases that review concepts and controversies in intraoperative cochlear nerve monitoring and cochlear implantation during vestibular schwannoma surgery.
At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Explain cochlear nerve monitoring options and associated benefits and disadvantages of each.
• Develop tools for decision-making regarding when to perform simultaneous cochlear implantation in vestibular schwannoma surgery.
• Describe techniques to preserve cochlear nerve function during vestibular schwannoma resection.

2:25 PM	Simultaneous Vestibular Schwannoma Resection and Cochlear Implantation: Indications, Contraindications, Intraoperative Decision-Making	Dr. Cameron Wick
2:40 PM	Simultaneous Vestibular Schwannoma Resection and Cochlear Implantation: Outcomes	Dr. Kathryn Y Noonan
2:50 PM	Cochlear Nerve Monitoring: Existing Technology and Future Innovations	Dr. Ashley Nassiri
3:05 PM	Surgical Techniques for Cochlear Nerve Preservation	Dr. Neil S Patel
3:20 PM	Q&A	All Panelist

Vestibular Schwannoma and Neurofibromatosis Education Day Part 5: Auditory Brainstem Implants: Where We Are and Next Steps

^{_{Moderators: Dr. Kestutis Paul Boyev & Dr. Christine Dinh}}

Auditory Brainstem Implant outcomes in patients with NF2 and in Children without cochleae or cochlear nerves are varied and relatively modest. In this session, the panelists will discuss current outcomes, new device designs and new programming concepts to enhance ABI performance. The moderators will lead a Q&A to end the session.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Understand current outcomes with ABI.
• Learn concepts to counsel patients considering ABI.
• Understand new ideas in ABI device design and programming concepts.

4:00 PM	Candidacy and Controversy with ABI in the Pediatric Population	Dr. Courtney Cj Voelker
4:10 PM	Update on ABI Device Design and Active Research	Dr. Daniel Lee
4:20 PM	Literature Review of ABI Outcomes	Dr. Emily Kay-Rivest
4:30 PM	Programming and New Stimulation Paradigms to Improve Performance with ABI	Dr. William Shapiro
4:45 PM	Q&A	All Panelist

Update and Challenges in Craniopharyngioma

_{Moderators: Dr. Michael Chicoine & Dr. Timothy Richard DeKlotz}

This session will feature expert discussions on anatomical nuances and classification of craniopharyngioma, neuropsychological findings, challenges in recurrent cases, and long-term treatment morbidity. Attendees will gain valuable insights into the complexities of this rare brain tumor and the importance of comprehensive patient care. This session is essential for healthcare professionals seeking to enhance their knowledge of craniopharyngioma management and improve patient outcomes.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Classify craniopharyngioma based on anatomical nuances to facilitate precise surgical planning and optimize patient outcomes.
• Analyze neuropsychological findings in craniopharyngioma cases.
• Evaluate challenges in managing recurrent craniopharyngioma and devise effective strategies for addressing treatment complexities to enhance long-term patient care.

7:30 AM	Anatomical Nuances and Classification of Craniopharyngioma	Dr. Kumar Abhinav
7:40 AM	Neuropsychological Findings in Craniopharyngioma
7:50 AM	Papillary Craniopharyngioma and Perspective of Pharmacological Treatment and Clinical Trials	Dr. Frederick G Barker II
8:00 AM	Long-term Morbidity of Craniopharyngioma Treatment	Dr. Nicholas Bambakidis
8:10 AM	Challenges in the Management of the Recurrent Craniopharyngioma	Dr. Davide Locatelli
8:20 AM	Surgical Management of Pure Intraventricular Craniopharyngioma	Dr. Michael Chicoine

Surgical/Adjuvant Management of Craniopharyngioma

^{Moderators: Dr. Tomas Garzon-Muvdi & Dr. Susan McGovern}

This session will focus on crucial aspects of craniopharyngioma treatment, covering technical nuances of surgical approaches, reconstruction techniques post-resection, post-operative endocrinological management, and the evolving role of radiation therapy. This session is essential for neurosurgeons, oncologists, endocrinologists, and healthcare professionals seeking to enhance their understanding of comprehensive management strategies for craniopharyngioma.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Apply technical nuances of the endoscopic endonasal approach for craniopharyngiomas to optimize surgical outcomes and minimize postoperative complications.
• Differentiate indications and nuances of the microsurgical approach for craniopharyngiomas.
• Develop effective reconstruction techniques after craniopharyngioma resection to improve patient recovery and preserve neurological function.

8:35 AM	Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Craniopharyngiomas – Technical Nuances	Dr. Gustavo Pradilla
8:45 AM	Microsurgical Approach for Craniopharyngiomas- Indications and Nuances	Dr. Badih Adada
8:55 AM	Reconstruction Techniques After Craniopharyngiomas Resection	Dr. John R Craig
9:03 AM	Post-operative Endocrinological Management in Craniopharyngiomas	Dr. Georgiana Dobri
9:13 AM	Update in the Role of Radiation Therapy in Management of Craniopharyngioma	Dr. Susan McGovern
9:23 AM	Controversies in Surgical Management: Gross Total Resection vs Subtotal Resection Plus Radiation	Dr. Pablo Recinos

Clivus Surgery: Technical Pearls

^{_{Moderators: Dr. Norberto Andaluz & Dr. Arjun Parasher}}

The `Clivus Surgery: Technical Pearls` session will cover surgical techniques and approaches for clival pathologies, including the expanded endonasal approach to chordoma, maximizing lateral access in the endoscopic approach for chondrosarcoma, and the pros and cons of transcranial versus endoscopic approaches to the lower clivus. The session will also include a video session on the far medial technique, considerations for cholesterol granuloma management, and indications for the contralateral transmaxillary approach. This session is relevant for healthcare professionals interested in enhancing their expertise in clival surgery.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Apply technical pearls for the expanded endonasal approach to chordoma, optimizing surgical techniques for improved resection and patient outcomes.
• Maximize lateral access during the endoscopic approach for chondrosarcoma.
• Compare and contrast the pros and cons of the transcranial and endoscopic approaches to the lower clivus.

1:20 PM	Technical Pearls for Expanded Endonasal Approach to the Chordoma	Dr. Diego Mazzatenta
1:30 PM	Endoscopic Approach for Chondrosarcoma: How to Maximize Lateral Access	Dr. Paul Gardner
1:40 PM	Transcranial vs Endoscopic Approach to the Lower Clivus: Pros and Cons	Dr. Sebastien Froelich
1:50 PM	Video: Far Medial Technique	Dr. André Beer-Furlan
2:00 PM	Cholesterol Granuloma Management: Choosing the Right Corridor	Dr. Brian David Thorp
2:10 PM	When is Contralateral Transmaxillary Approach Needed?	Dr. Carl Snyderman

Complications and Optimizing Long-Term Outcomes in Clivus Surgery

Moderators: Dr. Nithin D. Adappa & Dr. James Evans

The `Complications and Optimizing Long-Term Outcomes in Clivus Surgery` session will cover crucial topics related to clivus surgery. Expert speakers will discuss strategies to avoid and manage basilar artery injury, optimize cranial nerve outcomes, and reconstruct clival defects. The session will also explore the role of radiation in managing chordoma and chondrosarcoma, options for recurrent chordoma management, and the significance of molecular subtyping and novel therapeutic targets in chordoma cases. This session is valuable for healthcare professionals seeking to enhance their knowledge and improve long-term outcomes in clivus surgery.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Demonstrate strategies to avoid and manage basilar artery injuries during clivus surgery, prioritizing patient safety and minimizing postoperative complications.
• Optimize cranial nerve outcomes in clival surgery.
• Evaluate and select appropriate reconstruction techniques for clival defects, considering the specific patient presentation and optimizing surgical outcomes.

2:25 PM	Basilar Artery Injury: How to Avoid and Manage	Dr. Paul Gardner
2:35 PM	How to Optimize Cranial Nerve Outcomes in Clival Surgery	Dr. James Evans
2:45 PM	Reconstruction Techniques for Clival Defects	Dr. Ralph Abi Hachem
2:55 PM	Role of Radiation for Management of Chordoma and Chondrosarcoma	Dr. Benjamin Cooper
3:05 PM	Recurrent Chordoma Management Options	Dr. Chandranath Sen
3:15 PM	Chordoma: Role of Molecular Subtyping and Novel Therapeutic Targets	Dr. Gelareh Zadeh

Tumor Board: Challenging Cases

Moderators: Dr. Blair Barton & Dr. A. Samy Youssef

The `Tumor Board: Challenging Cases` session will feature engaging discussions on challenging cases in neurosurgical oncology. Moderated by experts in the field, the session will cover various cases related to chordoma, chondrosarcoma, and recurrent chondrosarcoma, offering valuable insights into the management of these complex tumors. This session is ideal for healthcare professionals seeking to enhance their understanding of difficult cases and advance their expertise in neurosurgical oncology.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Recognize and differentiate unique challenges in the management of chordoma and chondrosarcoma cases.
• Formulate evidence-based strategies for managing recurrent chondrosarcoma and chordoma cases.
• Infer and prioritize multidisciplinary approaches and novel therapeutic targets for challenging chordoma and chondrosarcoma cases, aiming to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.

4:00 PM	Case Presentation and Discussion: Chordoma	Dr. Anand V. Germanwala
4:12 PM	Case Presentation and Discussion: Chondrosarcoma	Dr. Shaan M. Raza
4:24 PM	Case Presentation and Discussion: Recurrent Chondrosarcoma	Dr. Arturo Solares
4:36 PM	Case Presentation and Discussion: Recurrent Chordoma	Dr. Shannon MacDonald
4:48 PM	Case Presentation and Discussion: Recurrent Chordoma	Dr. Chandranath Sen

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

^{Moderators: Dr. Naomi Abel & Dr. Carl Heilman}

A review of the radiographic findings, ophthalmologic findings, clinical manifestations, medical management, as well as endovascular/surgical treatment options for idiopathic intracranial hypertension. This session is meant for neurosurgeons, ENT surgeons, ophthalmologists, radiologists, and endovascular surgeons.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Diagnose idiopathic intracranial hypertension from a radiographic and clinical standpoint.
• Recommend appropriate medical management of idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
• Choose appropriate surgical management of idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

7:30 AM	Radiographic Features of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension	Dr. Bradley Delman
7:40 AM	Ophthalmologic Evaluation and Medical Management of IIH	Dr. Roger E Turbin
7:50 AM	Pulsatile Tinnitus and IIH	Dr. Eric Appelbaum
8:00 AM	Transverse Sinus Stenosis and IIH: Is Stenting the Answer?	Dr. Omar A Choudhri
8:10 AM	Bariatric Surgery and Medical Management	Dr. Naomi Abel
8:20 AM	Endovascular Shunt for IIH	Dr. Carl Heilman

CSF Leak

^{_{Moderators: Dr. Jennifer E Douglas & Dr. Michael Yim}}

This session will discuss the radiologic evaluation and surgical management of Skull base spontaneous CSF leaks and encephaloceles. It is intended for neurosurgeons, ENT surgeons, pediatric skull base surgeons, and radiologists.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Implement appropriate and effective radiologic evaluation for the diagnosis of skull base css leaks.
• Differentiate the appropriate surgical approach for the repair of skull base css leaks and encephaloceles.
• Recognize and understand congenital malformations of the pediatric skull base.

8:35 AM	Radiographic Evaluation and Techniques for Skull Base CSF Leak	Dr. Bradley Delman
8:45 AM	Transmastoid vs Middle Fossa Repair of Temporal Encephalocele	Dr. Rick Nelson
8:55 AM	Is IIH a Concern After Spontaneous CSF Repair?	Dr. Michael Yim
9:05 AM	Pediatric Skull Malformations and Encephaloceles	Dr. Karen Moeller
9:15 AM	Transorbital Approaches for Repair of Encephalocele	Dr. Theodore Schwartz
9:25 AM	Endonasal Approaches for Repair of Encephalocele	Dr. Mark Tabor

Endovascular Session

^{_{Moderators: Dr. Gursant Atwal & Dr. Visish Srinivasan}}

The session focuses on endovascular interventions and diagnostic testing that can assist skull-base surgeons. It also endeavors to look at novel therapies for CSF leak and prophylactic management of challenging head and neck tumors.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Use balloon test occlusion and preoperative embolization in surgical skull base management.
• Recognize situations where endovascular solutions may help surgical approaches and vascular injury.
• Integrate venous stenting in practice for patients with encephaloceles and CSF leaks.

1:20 PM	Revisiting Balloon Test Occlusion – Can We Rely on a Patent Circle of Willis?	Dr. Vernard Fennell
1:28 PM	To Embolize or Not – Challenges with Embolic Agents for Skull Base Tumors	Dr. Erez Nossek
1:36 PM	Prophylactic Stenting for Head/neck Tumors – Is It Needed? Discussion of Techniques	Dr. Stephen Chen
1:44 PM	What Can Your Endovascular Colleague Do for You? Stenting in the Case of Vascular Injury in Skull Base Surgery	Dr. Ashish Sonig
1:52 PM	Role of Venous Sinus Stenosis: Venous Sinus Stenting for Spontaneous Encephaloceles	Dr. Stephan A Munich
2:00 PM	Q&A	All Panelist

Cerebrovascular Session

^{Moderators: Dr. Carlos David & Dr. Laligam Sekhar}

This session is intended for those interested in complex intracranial cerebrovascular surgery with emphasis on the close link between skull base surgery and open cerebrovascular surgery.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Integrate cerebrovascular surgery into skull base practice.
• Apply skull base approaches for cerebrovascular lesions.
• Recognize the intimate relationship between the two subspecialties.

2:25 PM	Managing Arterial Injury during Skull Base Surgery	Dr. Nickalus Khan
2:37 PM	Managing Venous Injury during Skull Base Surgery	Dr. Harry Van Loveren
2:49 PM	Bypass Indications for Complex Skull Base Tumors	Dr. Laligam Sekhar
3:01 PM	Surgical Approaches to Posterior Circulation Aneurysms	Dr. Amir R. Dehdashti
3:13 PM	Surgical Treatment of Posterior Fossa Dural AVF	Dr. Erez Nossek

Pediatric Skull Base I

^{_{Moderators: Dr. Jeffrey H. Wisoff & Dr. Uma Ramaswamy}}

This session will highlight the unique challenges in pediatric skull base, from a generalized overview to more specific challenges we face in children, key to choose the best possible approach from a multidisciplinary perspective. Considerations on the hypothalamic-pituitary function, the role of radiation and unique anatomic aspects that could determine the approach or the reconstruction will be discussed in this session.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Identify unique challenges in pediatric skull base.
• Evaluate the particular endocrinological considerations in children when we choose a treatment.
• Identify unique anatomic considerations in children that can affect approach or reconstruction

4:00 PM	Overview of Specific Challenges in Pediatric Skull Base Surgery	Dr. Guillermo M Aldave Orzaiz
4:10 PM	Endocrine Considerations in Pediatric Population	Dr. Vince Horne
4:20 PM	Radiotherapy for Skull Base Tumor in Children: Indications, Goals and Alternatives	Dr. Ronny Rotondo
4:30 PM	Anatomic Considerations in Endonasal Surgery in Children	Dr. Patrick C Walz
4:40 PM	Challenges in the Reconstruction/Management of the Cranio-vertebral Junction	Dr. David Bauer
4:50 PM	Q&A	All Panelist

Pediatric Skull Base II – Tumor Board
Moderators: Dr. Lissa Baird and Dr. Guillermo M Aldave Orzaiz

This session will feature case presentations by different pediatric skull base teams (across the country) with subsequent discussion among the audience and a panel of experts that includes broad representation of all specialties (Neurosurgery, ENT, Radiation oncology, endocrinology). The teams will present cases that pose a challenge in the management of different ways, treatment modality, indication, or surgical approach.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Identify unique challenges in pediatric skull base.
• Evaluate the particular endocrinological considerations in children when we choose a treatment.
• Identify unique anatomic considerations in children that can affect approach or reconstruction.

5:05 PM-5:55 PM

Case Presentation & Panel Discussions (4)

Panelists: Dr. Lissa Baird, Dr. Uma Ramaswamy, & Dr. Jeffrey H. Wisoff Speakers: Dr. Joshua Chern, Dr. Sara Hartnett, Dr. Peter Morgenstern, Dr. Rita Nguyen, & Dr. Vijay Patel, Dr. Rafael Sillero

_{RHOTON ROOM: Dueling Dissections Session 2: Suprasellar and Paraclinoidal Regions, Cavernous Sinus, Meckel`s Cave and Petrous Apex}

^{_{Moderator: Dr. Jacques J. Morcos & Dr. Gabriel Zada}}

^{In this session we will review the surgical anatomy of the paraclinoidal and suprasellar space, cavernous sinus, Meckel`s cave and petrous apex and we will discuss the pros and cons of endonasal and transcranial approaches to these regions. Attendance is recommended for all trainees and skull base specialties with an interest in treating pathology located in the suprasellar and paraclinoidal regions.}

^{At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:}

• ^{Develop a better understanding of the surgical anatomy of the paraclinoidal and suprasellar regions, cavernous sinus, Meckel`s cave and petrous apex.</sup>
• <sup>Recognize key surgical landmarks and technical nuances for the endonasal and transcranial approaches to the paraclinoidal and suprasellar regions, cavernous sinus, Meckel`s cave and petrous apex.}
• ^{Compare the benefits and disadvantages of endonasal and transcranial approaches to the paraclinoidal and suprasellar regions, cavernous sinus, Meckel`s cave and petrous apex.}

7:30 AM	Welcome and Introduction	Dr. Maria Peris Celda
7:35 AM	Surgical Anatomy of the clinoid, Cavernous Sinus, Sellar, Suprasellar Areas, Meckel`s Cave and Petrous Apex	Dr. Edoardo Agosti
7:55 AM	Case Discussion: Open Approaches	Dr. Jacques J. Morcos
8:05 AM	Case Discussion: EEA	Dr. Gabriel Zada
8:15 AM	Dueling Dissection: Anterior Clinoidectomy, Cavernous Sinus Meckel`s Cave & Anterior Petrosal Approach	Dr. Ossama Al-Mefty Dr. Paulo Abdo do Seixo Kadri

RHOTON ROOM: Dueling Dissections Session 3: Petroclival Region

^{_{Moderators: Dr. Pablo Recinos & Dr. Laligam Sekhar}}

In this session we will review the 3D surgical anatomy of the petroclival region, and we will discuss the pros and cons of endonasal and transcranial approaches to this complex area. Attendance is recommended for all trainees and faculty with an interest in managing pathology in this location.

_{^{At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:}}

• ^{_{Develop a better understanding of the surgical anatomy of the petroclival region.}}
• _{^{Recognize key surgical landmarks and technical nuances for the endonasal and transcranial approach to the petroclival region.}}
• Compare the benefits and disadvantages of endonasal and transcranial approaches to the petroclival region.

4:00PM	Welcome and Introduction	Dr. Maria Peris Celda
4:01 PM	3D Surgical Anatomy of the Petroclival Region	Dr. Varun Kshettry
4:21 PM	Case Presentation/Discussion Open Approaches	Dr. Laligam Sekhar
4:41 PM	Case Presentation/Discussion Endoscopic Approaches	Dr. Pablo Recinos
4:51 PM	Dueling Dissection: Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to the Petroclival Region and Contralateral Transmaxillary Approach to the Petrous Apex	Dr. Paul Gardner Dr. Eric Wang
4:51 PM	Dueling Dissection: Presigmoid Retrolab/Transpetrosal/Trancrusal/Translab	Dr. Michael Link Dr.  Neil S Patel

7:30 AM – 8:30 AM   Proffered Papers 10: Surgical Approaches and Technology 2
8:35 AM – 9:35 AM   Proffered Papers 11: Anterior Skull Base and Orbit
1:20 PM – 2:20 PM   Proffered Papers 12: Pituitary Adenoma 1
2:25 PM – 3:25 PM   Research Committee Session: Effective Strategies in Skull Base Research
2:25 PM – 3:25 PM Proffered Papers 13: Best Written Abstracts
4:00 PM – 5:00 PM  Proffered Papers 14: Reconstruction/CSF Leak 1
5:05 PM – 6:05 PM   Proffered Papers 19: Pituitary Adenoma 2
5:05 PM – 6:05 PM Proffered Papers 15: Vestibular Schwannoma 1
5:05 PM – 6:05 PM Proffered Papers 16: Meningioma 2
5:05 PM – 6:05 PM Proffered Papers 17: Sella/Suprasellar 1
5:05 PM – 6:05 PM Proffered Papers 18: Lateral Skull Base/CPA/Jugular Foramen 2
5:05 PM – 6:05 PM Proffered Papers 19: Pituitary Adenoma 2

10:05  –  12:20   General Session

Welcome and Daily Announcements	Dr. Siviero Agazzi
State of NASBS Sponsored Research presentation	Dr. Linda Bi and Dr. Nyall London
Research Grant Reports and Announcement of Research Grant Awards	Dr. Ezequiel Goldschmidt Dr. Sean Polster
Presidential Address	Dr. Siviero Agazzi
International and North American Scholarship Recipients
Honored Guest Speaker	Dr. Harry Van Loveren
Presidential Acknowledgments
Abstract Awards

^{_{Moderator: Dr. Michael Karsy & Dr. Ahmed Mohyeldin}}

The session is designed to place a spotlight the importance of research to the NASBS as well as motivate us all to get more involved in research.

_{^{After this session, attendees will be able to:}}

• Understand key steps in successfully incorporating research as a skull base surgeon.
• Understand the establishment of anatomic, outcomes, and translational skull base research, including funding approaches.
• Motivate NASBS membership to work toward more productive research and multi-institutional collaborations.

2:25 PM	Importance of Research to NASBS	Dr. Wenya Linda Bi
2:30 PM	Skull Base Anatomy Research: How and How Not	Dr. Maria Peris Celda
2:40 PM	Effective Strategies in Clinical Outcomes and Quality of Life Research	Dr. Matthew Luke Carlson
2:50 PM	Translational Skull Base Research and Funding Pathways	Dr. Nyall R London
3:00 PM	Approaches to Successful Initiation and Execution of Multi-Institutional Collaborations	Dr. Andrew S. Little

---

Main Social Event: 7:30 PM – 10:00 PM
Georgia Aquarium

This year’s social event will be held at the Georgia Aquarium. Meeting registrants and guests have the option to purchase discounted aquarium passes. Aquarium passes are not part of the NASBS meeting and do not include access to the Saturday night Main Social Event. Both tickets are available during the online registration process.

Orbital Education Day Part 1: Thyroid Eye Disease:  Medical and Surgical Treatment

Moderator: Dr. Elizabeth Bradley & Dr. S Tonya Stefko

This session will aim to educate on orbital eye disease management for thyroid eye disease.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Understand the nuances of thyroid eye disease.
• Gain an appreciation for surgical decompression of the eye in thyroid eye disease.
• Understand the role of medical management in thyroid eye disease.

7:30 AM	Modern Medical Treatment of Thyroid Eye Disease	Dr. Howard Krauss
7:45 AM	Endoscopic Orbital Decompression in TED	Dr. Oded Sagiv
8:00 AM	Lateral Orbital Decompression in TED	Dr. Lilly Wagner
8:15 AM	Directing a TED Clinic	Dr. Andrea Kossler

Orbital Education Day Part 2: Margins In The Orbit: Fantasy or Reality?

Moderators: Dr. Annie Moreau & Dr. Roger E Turbin

This session will address the controversies of operating on and radiating neoplasms adjacent to and involving the orbit. Otolaryngologists, ophthalmologists, plastic surgeons, and neurosurgeons who operate at the anterior skull base should attend. Part of the session will be devoted to the particular considerations of orbital surgery in children.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Predict via radiologic studies the likelihood of orbital involvement in skull base pathology.
• Plan an appropriate method of orbital reconstruction after any level of surgical resection.
• Design an orbit-sparing surgical plan when appropriate.
• Infer from pathology and radiologic studies what will be the effect of surgery on a child`s facial and visual development.

8:35 AM	When Is It Time to Sack the Eye to Save the Patient?	Dr. Marc A. Cohen
8:43 AM	Predicting Orbital Involvement	Dr. Tanya Rath
8:51 AM	Children and Cancer	Dr. Katherine Joan Williams
5:59 AM	Missing Tissue is the Issue – Reconstruction of Orbital Defects	Dr. Jeremy F Tan
9:07 AM	What Constitutes a Margin in the Orbit?	Dr. James C Fleming
9:20 AM	Eye-preserving Treatment for Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Lacrimal Gland	Dr. Norbert Liebsch
9:23 AM	Q&A	All Panelist

^{Hosted by the Korean Society of Endoscopic Neurosurgeons (KOSEN)}

^{Moderators: Dr. Shirley Y. Su & Dr. Marilene Beth Wang}

^{This session will outline recent advances in the management of sinonasal and nasopharyngeal tumors.}

• Discuss clinical considerations and surgical approaches for sinonasal tumors.
• Describe endoscopic approach to the nasal pharynx and technical nuances.
• Discuss management of skull base osteoradionecrosis.

7:30 AM	Clinical Consideration of Surgical Approaches for Sinonasal Tumor	Dr. Ji Heui Kim
7:45 AM	Treatment Outcomes of Olfactory Neuroblastoma: Korean Multicenter Study	Dr. Sang Duk Hong
8:00 AM	Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to the Nasopharynx	Dr. Tae-Bin Won
8:15 AM	Skull Base Radionecrosis Related to Sinonasal Tumor	Dr. Sung-Woo Cho

This session will discuss recent advances in endoscopic transorbital approach is and its utility in managing skull base tumors.

• Describe basic concepts and indications for endoscopic transorbital approaches.
• Describe the scope and applications of endoscopic transorbital approaches.
• Discussed management of various skull base pathology with the endoscopic transorbital approach.

Transorbital Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery

10:00 AM	Basic Concept And Indications Of Endoscopic Transorbital Approach	Dr. Doo-Sik Kong
10:15 AM	Endoscopic Transorbital Surgery To Cavernous Sinus Comparison With Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery	Dr. Yong-Hwi Kim
10:30 AM	Beyond Traditional Boundaries: Temporal Lobe Intra-axial Tumor Removal via Endoscopic Transorbital Surgery	Dr. Chang-Ki Hong
10:45 AM	Extension Of Endoscopic Transorbital Approach For The Lesions Over Anterior Clinoid Process	Dr. Ju Hyung Moon

Dueling Dissections Session 4: Lower Clivus and Foramen Magnum

^{Moderators: Dr. James Evans & Dr. L. Madison Michael II}

In this session we will review the 3D surgical anatomy of the Lower Clivus and Foramen Magnum regions, and we will discuss the pros and cons of endonasal and transcranial approaches to these regions. Attendance is recommended for all trainees and faculty with an interest in managing pathology in these locations.

At the conclusion of this session, attendees will be able to:

• Develop a better understanding of the surgical anatomy of the Lower Clivus and Foramen Magnum.
• Recognize key surgical landmarks and technical nuances for the endonasal and transcranial approach to the Lower Clivus and Foramen Magnum.
• Compare the benefits and disadvantages of endonasal and transcranial approaches to the Lower Clivus and Foramen Magnum.

7:30 AM	Welcome & Introduction	Dr. Maria Peris Celda
7:31 AM	3D Endonasal Surgical Anatomy of the Lower Clivus and Foramen Magnum	Dr. Jeffrey M. Sorenson
7:51 AM	Case Discussion: Open Approaches	Dr. L. Madison Michael II
8:06 AM	Case Discussion: EEA	Dr. James Evans
8:21 AM	Dueling Dissection: Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to the Lower Clivus and Foramen Magnum	Dr. Joao Paulo Almeida Dr. Zara Patel
8:21 AM	Dueling Dissection: Far Lateral Transcondylar and Extreme Lateral Approach	Dr. Yohan Alexander Dr. Chandranath Sen

Vascular/CSF Leak/Other Proffered Papers
 7:30 AM – 8:30 AM     Proffered Papers 23: Miscellaneous – Tech, Outcomes and AI
 8:35 AM – 9:35 AM    Proffered Papers 28: Miscellaneous – Rare Lesions and Skull Base Trends
10:05 AM – 11:05 AM  Proffered Papers 33: Vascular 2
11:10 AM – 12:10 PM Proffered Papers 39: Minimally Invasive Skull Base: Video Session

Lateral Skull Base Otology-VS-NF2 Proffered Papers
7:30 AM – 8:30 AM     International Session – Korea – Surgical approaches for Sinonasal Tumors
 8:35 AM – 9:35 AM     Proffered Papers 24: Vascular Video Session
 10:05 AM – 11:05 AM   Proffered Papers 29: Vestibular Schwannoma 2
11:10 AM – 12:10 PM  Proffered Papers 35: Meningioma 3

Sellar-Suprasellar-Clivus Proffered Papers
7:30 AM – 8:30 AM  Proffered Papers 20: Pituitary Adenoma 3
8:35 AM – 9:35 AM    Proffered Papers 25: Pituitary Adenoma 4
10:05 AM – 11:05 AM Proffered Papers 30: Lateral Skull Base Video Session
11:10 AM – 12:10 PM   Proffered Papers 36: Clivus, Craniocervical Junctions and Chordoma

Cavernous Sinus/Middle Fosa Proffered Papers
Sunday, February 18th
7:30 AM – 8:30 AM  Proffered Papers 21: Cavernous Sinus/Middle Fossa 2
 8:35 AM – 9:35 AM    Proffered Papers 26: Reconstruction/CSF Leak 2
10:05 AM – 11:05 AM  Proffered Papers 31: Endoscopic Skull Base and Reconstruction Video Session
11:10 AM – 12:10 PM    Proffered Papers 37: Pituitary Adenoma and Reconstruction

Jugular Foramen/Infratemportal Proffered Papers
Sunday, February 18th
7:30 AM – 8:30 AM  Proffered Papers 22: Surgical Approaches and Technology 3
8:35 AM – 9:35 AM     Proffered Papers 27: Training and Education/Surgical Approaches
10:05 AM – 11:05 AM   Proffered Papers 32: Training and Education/Value Based Healthcare
11:10 AM – 12:10 PM     Proffered Papers 38: Pediatric Skull Base and Adjuvant Therapies

Anterior and Orbit Proffered Papers
11:10 AM – 12:10 PM    Proffered Papers 34: Sellar/Suprasellar and Orbit 2